复方中草药对大菱鲆非特异性免疫力的影响

Influence of compound Chinese herbal medicine on non-specific immunity of turbot Scophthalmus maximus

将牛膝、板蓝根、甘草、陈皮、肉桂、麦芽、神曲7味中草药,粉碎后经80目筛网过滤,按一定比例混匀,以2%、4%和6%的质量分数添加于基础饲料中连续投喂体质量为(29.00±1.82)g的大菱鲆Scophthalmus maximus,对照组投喂不添加中草药的基础饲料,试验共进行28 d,试验结束后测定大菱鲆的非特异性免疫指标及抗病力。结果表明:在整个试验周期内,4%浓度组大菱鲆血清溶菌酶活力和抗菌活力均比对照组有显著升高(P<0.05);试验前2周4%和6%浓度组鱼血清抗蛋白酶活力较高,后2周2%浓度组鱼血清抗蛋白酶活力逐渐升高,并显著高于其他组(P<0.05);试验前3周4%浓度组鱼血清补体C3含量与对照组相比显著升高(P<0.05);在整个试验周期内,2%、4%、6%浓度组鱼血清NBT阳性细胞数与对照组相比均显著升高(P<0.05),且4%和6%浓度组升高更为明显;在整个试验周期内,4%和6%浓度组头肾白细胞吞噬活性均呈现先降低后升高的趋势,均在第4周达到峰值,且显著高于对照组和2%浓度组(P<0.05);攻毒试验表明,各组的存活率从大到小依次为4%浓度组>2%浓度组>6%浓度组>对照组。本研究表明,该复方中草药可以显著提高大菱鲆的非特异性免疫力和抗病力,2%浓度组在一定水平上有促进作用,4%浓度组效果更为显著。

In this paper, turbot （Scophthalmus maxirnus） juveniles weighing （29.00±1.82） g were fed diets containing 7 Chinese herbal medicines （CHM） immunostimulants including Achyranthes, Isatis tinctoria L. , Glycyrrhiza glabra, Pericarpium citri reticulatae, Cortex cinnamomi, Fructus hordei germinatus, and Massa medicata fermentata, which were grinded and screened with 80 mesh, at a rate ofO, 2.0%, 4.0% and 6.0% for 4 weeks to evaluate the effect of CHM on non-specific immunity in turbot. The results showed that there was significant influence of CHM on the activities of lysozyme, anti-bacterial and anti-protease, complement C3 content, number of NBT- positive ceils and the phagocytic activity of pronephros leukocytes. With the extension of feeding time, most of immunological factors were found to have a tendency of increase first and then decrease, the peak activity on the 2nd or 3rd week. There were significantly higher lysozyme and anti-bacterial activities in the 4% group than those in the control group during the experiment（P〈0.05 ）. The higher anti-protease activity was observed in 4% and 6% groups in the first two weeks. However, the anti-protease activity in 2% group was continued to increase in later two weeks, significantly higher than in other groups（ P〈0.05 ）. There was significantly higher complement C3 content in 4% group than that in the control group（P〈0.05）. The juveniles fed the diet containing Chinese herbal medicines had significantly more NBT-positive cells than the fish in the control group did （ P〈0.05 ）, especially the fish fed the diets containing 4% and 6% Chinese herbal medicines. The phagocytic activity of pronephros leukocyte was found to be decreased first and increased later in 4% and 6% groups throughout the experiment, the peak at the 4th week, and significantly higher than that in 2% group and the control group （P〈O. 05 ）. Infection test showed that the survival rate in the groups was descendantly arranged as 4% group〉2% group〉6% group〉control group. It is concluded that addition of 2% CHM to the basal food can improve the non-specific immunity and disease resistance in turbot, especially in 4% group.