鲁宾孙的个人需要和自我实现

Robinson’s Needs and Self-actualization

美国心理学家亚伯拉罕.马斯洛将人类需要从总体上分成基本需要和成长性需要两大类,其下面根据对人直接生存意义及生活意义的大小按层次排列为生理、安全、爱和归属、尊重、认知、审美、自我实现七种需要,即"需要层次"理论,它是解释人类个体行为的良好工具。丹尼尔.笛福的代表作品《鲁宾孙漂流记》记叙了主人公鲁宾孙的传奇经历。笔者认为,鲁宾孙人生的每一阶段无不对应着马斯洛对于人类需要的理解。借需要层次理论,对鲁宾孙的行为与形象进行全新的解读,提出鲁宾孙是资产阶级自我实现个人主义"本性"的典型代表。

Human＇s psychological and physical needs can be defined concretely in terms of physiological, safety, love and belonging, esteem, cognitive, aesthetic, and self- actualization, and they are represented according to the significance to human as a pyramid. This theory is proclaimed by American psychologist Abraham Maslow and is named hierarchy of needs. It can be adopted to interpret human＇s activities. The author holds that in Daniel Defoe＇s novel Robinson Crusoe. each leg of the protagonist Robinson＇s whole adventure accords with the needs hierarchy. This paper is a new interpretation of Robinson, who can be considered as a representative individual of bourgeois of self- actualization.