1例急性心功能不全缓解患者的药学监护

Pharmaceutical care on one stable patient after acute heart failure attack

1例老年女性患者,因慢性心力衰竭急性发作入院,入院诊断为慢性心功能不全急性发作、肺部感染、慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性发作、高血压Ⅲ级、2型糖尿病。因患者出现下肢静脉血栓及肺栓塞,先后使用低分子肝素和华法林治疗,临床药师评估了低分子肝素和华法林的重叠使用时间,并通过测量INR值调整华法林的用量;因地尔硫卓可能升高华法林的血药浓度,建议停用地尔硫卓;考虑到心衰患者首选ACEI或ARB类降压药,建议停用非洛地平改用氯沙坦,血压控制良好。同时,临床药师分析了影响地高辛血药浓度的因素,提示患者关注可能的中毒症状,并就可能影响华法林血药浓度的药物和食物以及监测血压、血糖、INR值等对患者进行出院教育。

One elder female patient was admitted to hospital due to acute exacerbation of chronic heart failure. She received the standard regime of chronic heart failure after the condition was stable. And her admission diagnoses were chronic heart failure with acute exacerbation, lung infection, acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, hypertension and type 2 diabetes. For the reason that the patient developed lower limb venous thrombus and pulmonary embolism, low molecular weight heparin and warfarin were used successively. Clinical pharmacist evaluated the rationality of the overlapping time of the low molecular weight heparin and warfarin, and adjusted the dosage of warfarin by measuring the INR values. Diltiazem was withdrawn because that diltiazem may elevate the blood concentration of warfarin. Considering that ACEI or ARB were the first-line therapy for heart failure, clinical pharmacists recommended switching felodipine to losartan, and the blood pressure was controlled well. The factors affecting the blood concentration of digoxin were analyzed, and clinical pharmacists reminded the patient to pay close attention to the symptoms of poisoning for avoiding digitalis toxicity, and offered discharge education to the patient, such as avoiding use of the drugs and foods that can affect the blood concentration of warfarin, monitoring blood pressure, blood glucose and INR values.