从山西村治看民国特色的地方自治

On Local Self-government in the Republic of China from the Perspective of the Village-oriented Autonomy of Shanxi Province

民国时期,阎锡山兼管山西军民两政,开始推行村本政治,历时数十年形成规模并影响全国,使得山西能够在政局动荡之时基本保持了比较完好的地方秩序。山西村治是地方自治思潮与中国传统文化相互影响下的产物,其中既具有西方地方自治经典定义中的一些成分,又具有传统儒家文化色彩,凸显了官治与民治的耦合。对山西村治的研究能够为地方自治在中国的具体化、本土化提供有益的历史启示意蕴。

In the period of the Republic of China,Yan Xishan started to implement the village-oriented autonomy after he was in charge of both military and civil affairs.This village-oriented autonomy was well developed during the following decade and had the significant effect on the whole country,which kept the basic order of Shanxi Province during the political unrest.The rural autonomy of Shanxi Province is the outcome of the reaction between the surge of the thought of the local self-government and the Chinese traditional culture.It not only owns the elements of the classical definition of the local self-government from the west,but also has the characteristics of the traditional culture of Confucian,which reflects the combination of the ＂rule by bureaucracy＂ and civil autonomy.The research on the rural autonomy of Shanxi Province would provide the reification and localization of the local self-government with the valuable historical experiences.