由被害人“预防投资”解构犯罪未遂的轻刑化

On the Principles of Light Punishment of Criminal Attempt by Victims' Prevent Investment

潜在的被害人为自我保护通常会进行预防投资,但是其投资水平并非总是处于最佳状态,从而产生负外部性,需要刑罚对之进行宏观调控。法律的经济分析表明犯罪人更倾向于选择高预防水平的被害人为目标对象,而犯罪未遂轻刑化正是防止投资过度,节约社会资源的规律使然。从经济效用看,犯罪未遂轻刑化不仅契合了市场经济的理念,实现了帕累托更优状态,更推动了预防犯罪博弈的均衡。

The victims often have incentives of preventive investment for self-protection,but its level of investment is not always optimal,resulting in negative externalities.So we need penalty system to carry out the macro-control.Economic analysis of law shows that criminals are prone to choosing the victims that have the high level preventive investment,while the light punishment is the rule which is attempted to prevent excessive investment and save social resources.From the view of economic utility,light punishment of criminal attempt not only fits the eidos of market economy,achieves Pareto Optimality,but also balances the game model of crime prevention.