哈萨克斯坦养老保险制度改革及对我国的启示

Reform of the Elderly Support System in Kazakhstan and Its Implications for China

随着人口老龄化的加剧,哈萨克斯坦传统国家担保型养老保险模式陷入了严重的支付危机。面对严重的养老金危机,哈萨克斯坦政府从1997年起进行了养老保险改革,初步建立了以个人账户及统筹账户为主、个人积累及储蓄为辅的混合型养老保险制度,并在养老基金管理、投资运营、解决转轨成本等方面取得了一定的成效。虽然哈萨克斯坦养老保险改革比较成功,但养老金替代率较低、地区差距较大、退休年龄偏高等问题比较突出。本文认为,哈萨克斯坦养老金制度改革的成功经验及运行机制对我国养老保险制度的改革和养老保险基金的保值增值等都有一定的借鉴和参考价值。

With the intensification of the aging problems, Kazakhstan traditional state -backed endowment insurance model has fallen into a payment crisis. Facing a serious pension crisis, the Government of Kazakhstan carried out the endowment reform from 1997 and initially established a hybrid endowment insurance system, based on personal accounts and social assistance ac- counts, aided by personal accumulation and savings, which has made certain achievements when it comes to pension fund man- agement, investment operations, and the solution to the transition cost. Although the Kazakhstan endowment insurance reform is successful, problems such as lower pension replacement rate, regional disparities and high retirement age are also prominent. This paper argues that the successful experience and operational mechanism in reform of the pension system of Kazakhstan offers some reference for China＇ s endowment insurance system reform and preservation and appreciation of endowment insurance funds.