几个玉米自交系的主要农艺性状的配合力和遗传参数分析

Analysis on Combining Ability and Genetic Parameters of Main Agronomic Characters in Maize Inbred Lines

利用14×10按不完全双列杂交设计(NCⅡ),对24个玉米自交系的株高、穗位高等10个农艺性状的一般配合力(GCA)、特殊配合力(SCA)和遗传参数进行了分析。结果表明:在所研究的24个自交系中,09HN058、09HN074、09HN068、09HN071、09HN069、09HN075、09HN054、09HN072、09HN055、09HN056、09HN062、09HN061、09HN053、09HN063的产量GCA效应较高,是组配强优势杂交组合的优良自交系;09HN051×09HN074、09HN056×09HN071、09HN060×09HN069和09HN052×09HN068的产量SCA相对效应值最大,这4个组合可作为潜势组合进一步鉴定其丰产性、稳产性;10个性状的遗传以加性基因效应为主,受非加性基因的作用较小;株高、穗位、穗长、百粒重、出籽率的狭义遗传率大于50%,其变异由遗传引起的比重较大,易在早代进行选择;穗粗和秃尖的狭义遗传率低,不宜在早代选择。

24 maize inbred lines were used in a （14 × 10） incomplete diallel crossing experiment（ NC Ⅱ ）, and general combining ability （ GCA）, special combining ability（SCA） and genetic parameters of 10 agronomic traits were recorded, including plant height ,ear height and et al. 14 inbred lines （09HN058, 09HN074, 09HN068, 09HN071,09HN069, 09HN075, 09HN054, 09HN072, 09HN055, 09HN056, 09HN062, 09HN061, 09HN053, 09HN063 ） had higher yield GCA, and could be used in developing the crosses with strong heterosis. 4 higher SCA cross combinations were selected, which were 09HN051 × 09HN074, 09HN056 × 09HN071, 09HN060 × 09HN069 and 09HN052 × 09HN068, and their performance of high yield and yield stability would be further tested. The hereditary of the 10 characters was controlled mainly by additive genetic effect, and the non-additive effect was lower. The narrow heredity of the characters （ plant height, ear height, era length,100-kemel weight and grain yield rate） were higher than 50 %, which showed that the variation of these characters were affected mainly by hereditary, and they should be selected at the early generation. Conversely, the narrow heredity of ear diameter and bare tip length were lower, and they should be selected at the late generation.