除虫菊花粉形态与生活力研究

Study on Pollen Microstructure and Viability of Pyrethrum(Tanacetum cinerariifolium)

利用扫描电镜观测了除虫菊花粉和柱头形态,I-KI染色法、TTC染色法和离体萌发法测定了除虫菊花粉生活力。结果表明:除虫菊花粉粒呈圆球状,表面有刺状突起,而柱头表面分布有较多乳突细胞和柱状细胞。染色法不适于除虫菊花粉生活力检测,筛选出的除虫菊花粉最适离体萌发培养基是ME3+250 g/L PEG 4000+150 g/L蔗糖。观测的3个无性系N1/10/5、G2/10/2和E4的花粉萌发率分别为45.68%、32.31%和49.34%,且三者11:00～12:00的萌发率均显著高于15:00～16:00。

The microstructure of pyrethrum pollen grain and stigma were investigated with Scanning Electron Microscopy （ SEM）, and pollen viability was also determined by I-KI and Trc stained methods and germination in vitro. The results showed that pyrethrum pollen grains were orbicular with spinous protuberances on the surfaces. Many papillary cells and columnar cells were found on the surfaces of stigma. Stained methods were not suitable to test pyrethrum pollen viability. The optimal pollen germination culture medium was ME3 ＋ 250 g/L PEG 4000 ＋ 150 g/L sucrose. The percentages of germination in vitro of clone N1/10/5, clone G2/10/2 and clone E4 were 45.68 %, 32. 31% and 49.34 %, respectively, and their germination percentages at 11：00 - 12：00 were all significantly higher than that at 15 ： 00 - 16 ： 00.