中国的经济增长与公平:历史、现状与挑战

Growth and Equity of Economy in China: History, Present Situation and Challenge

我国当前的增长和公平状况是由许多因素共同作用形成的,其中包括1978年以前打下的基础,尤其是与土地相关的制度改革和社会部门投资。这些因素成功地配合了1978年之后实施的出口和外资促进战略。然而,由于我国巨大的经济规模,尽管这些战略对于国家的经济起飞起到了巨大作用,但不能靠它们来保证长期的经济增长和收入分配的改善。我国目前面临的主要挑战是:扩大内需,增加人力资本存量,缩小收入分配差距。应对这些挑战的主要对策是:增加社会保障,扩大社会部门投资尤其是人力资本的投资。

Many factors have shaped the current pattern of growth and equity in China.Among them are the foundations laid before 1978,especially in respect of land-related institutions and social sector investments.These successfully complemented the country＇s subsequent export and FDI promotion strategies.However,due to its sheer economic size,even though these strategies were responsible for its economic takeoff in the last three decades,China cannot rely on these to ensure successful long-term growth and scale back widening inequalities.Three principal challenges facing the Chinese economy are as follows：expansion of domestic demand,increased stock of human capital,and reduced income inequality.Principal strategies to meet these challenges are as follows： better social protection,enhanced social sector investments,and increased investments in human capital.