先秦“公”“私”之下所有权的相关讨论——兼论“天财”之政及其所有权

On the Ownership from the Idea of Public and Private in the Pre-Qin Period

在先秦"公""私"概念下有关财产的记载中,公田与私田的对立以及私土、私邑、私财、私人、私属等财产类型的渐次兴起,表明公有制或国有制与私有制之间的冲突愈演愈烈,尽管"立公灭私"观念对当时的经济与意识形态进行了相应地调和,但仍然无法阻挡两者之间的此消彼长。而如何应对这一冲突便成为后世统治者治政的关键,不以"私邑累公邑"、"无私以为公"便成了统治阶层所倡导的治国之道。在这样的前提下,更加促进了统治者对"天财"的掌控,使得"天财"之政成为其为政的核心举措,并为后世所继承。

In the pre-Qin period, the public fields and the private fields were opposite. Meanwhile, ＂＂ t＇nvate land＂, ＂Private city＂, ＂Private property＂ , ＂Private possession＂ gradually energed. It suggests that,the fighting between the state ownership and private ownership was more and more fierce. Although the concept of eliminating private property and establishing public properties has affected the economy and ideology, there was also a recipro- cal relationship between the state ownership and private ownership. On this premise, the rulers started to strengthen the control of the ＂ Heavenly property＂, and it became the core measures of rules.