“新童话观”背后的启蒙——重读鲁迅译本《小约翰》

Implications behind "New View of Fairy Tale"

鲁迅曾赞誉荷兰作家蔼覃的童话《小约翰》为"无韵的诗,成人的童话"。而此书的高妙之处在于以童话的形式形成了童话思维与哲学思维之间的张力,形成了介于"童话与非童话"之间的文类形式。这种文类形式背后不仅隐藏着鲁迅推崇的"新童话观",还隐藏着他对于启蒙教化的思考,即以"非童话"的部分承载着对人类命运、历史、社会、人性、宗教、哲学的思考,承担着启蒙教化的责任,以"童话"的部分保留着想象、神话、诗意的空间,从一定程度上消解了启蒙的弊端。唯有通过"自然的教育、哲学的教育、泪水的教育"三步曲之后,人的教育才能最终完成。而现在流行的新译本,将《小约翰》还原为"童话",显然未充分考虑到鲁迅的良苦用心。

Lu Xun has given a high appraisal to Dutch writer Frederik van Eeden＇s fairy tale Little John. He viewed it as a poem without rhyme and a fairy tale for adults. The sublime of the book is using the fairy tale form to carry the tension between the fairy thinking and the philosophical thinking, as well as the genre form between ＂the fairy tale and the un-fairy tale＂. This form of genre has not only the new view of fairy tale, but also the enlightenment thinking of Lu Xun. Through the ＂non-fairy tale＂, the destiny of man- kind, history, society, human nature, religion and philosophy is revealed, which bears the function of the Enlightenment. The ＂fairy tale＂ focus on imagination, myth, poetic space, which will balance the drawbacks of the Enlightenment to some extent. Only by going though the education of nature, philosophy and tear, the education of human will be finished. However, the popular new translations of the book views it as the fairy tale, which did not fully reflect the good intention of Lu Xun.