亟需变革的家庭内社会再生产——以天津市第三次妇女地位调查为例

Social Reproduction at Home Urgently Needed to be Changed a Case Study of the Third Survey of Women's Social Status in Tianjin

本文以天津市第三次妇女社会地位调查和天津市的其他相关数据、政策为依据,分析包括儿童抚育、养老、劳动力的日常维持在内的社会再生产是如何被个体家庭私人化、女性化和无酬化的。发现,目前社会保障的等级分配原则,即以在正规部门从事有薪工作为最高等级,通过工作性质、城乡、户籍等差别待遇标准,提供基于等级而非需求的差别性社会保障,是构建"三化"的社会机制。而且发现目前这一社会再生产机制已到了难以持续的程度。最后建议,政府作为国民经济和社会发展的总协调者、公民正当利益的维护者,亟需公正积极地在政府、企事业单位和家庭之间重构社会再生产的分配,促进社会经济的可持续发展。

Based on the third survey on women＇s social status in Tianjin and other relevant data as well as poli- cies, the article analyzes how the social reproduction, which is composed of childraising, caring seniors and the maintainment of labor force, has been privatized as individual family＇s responsibility, feminized and unpaid. The author advances that the current hierachial social policy, i. e. , providing social insurance based on the hierarchy instead of need, plays the key role. Among the pyramid of social insurance provision, the paid job in formal sector is ranked as the highest status according to job status, urban/rural duralsim, or whether a person is allowed to be permanently registered as Tianjin household. The recomondation is for governmenta, who is the ultimate coordinator of the social issue and the safeguarder of citizenship＇s rights, is urgently needed to equally redistribute the responsi- bility of social reproduction among governments, enterprises and individual families.