慢性乙型肝炎患者并发医院感染的病原菌分布与临床特征分析

Characteristics of hospital infection and distribution of pathogens in patients with Chronic Hepatitis B

目的探讨慢性乙型肝炎患者并发医院感染的相关情况、发生特点和危险因素。方法对315例慢性乙型肝炎患者的一般情况和临床资料进行回顾性分析，主要包括患者的感染发生部位，病原菌检出情况，并对引发医院感染的危险因素进行分析。结果315例慢性乙型肝炎患者发生医院感染54例，感染率17．14％，其中首要感染部位为腹腔感染（37．04％）。所有患者共检出病原菌84株，其中革兰阴性菌52株，占总检出的61．9％。慢性乙型肝炎患者合并医院感染的相关危险因素为老年患者、住院时间较长、抗菌药物使用不规范、临床分期较重、低蛋白血症、有侵袭性操作和合并基础疾病。结论慢性乙型肝炎患者医院感染发生率较高，以革兰阴性菌为主；应注重改善患者的营养状况，合理使用抗菌药物并加强患者的心理疏导，以有效改善慢性乙型肝炎患者的预后和生活质量。

Objective To analyze the situations of hospital infection among patients with Chronic Hepatitis B and explore the characteristics and risk factors. Methods Totally 315 patients with Chronic Hepatitis B were chosen and studied to analyze the infection body sites, distributions of pathogens and the risk factors Which might cause reproductive tract infections. Results The analysis of 315 cases showed that the infection rate was 17.14% （54 cases） ,and the most infection sites was abdominal infection（37. 04% ）. Eighty-four pathogens were detected and the gram-negative bacteria were 52 plant of most（61.9% ）. Hospital infections of patients with Chronic Hepatitis B were closely related to age, hospital time, using of antibiotics, clinical stage, hypoproteinemia, invasive manipulation and underlying disease. Conclusion It is effective to reduce the infections by treating early, promote the nursing mind and nutritions. Using the antibiotics reasonable and enhance the educations of psychology.