作为对外政策工具的新媒体——基于多学科视角的隐患、局限与对策评估

New Media as a Foreign Policy Tool: Hidden Dangers,Limitations and Countermeasures

本文通过总结、回顾国内外多学科对新媒体的经营机制与政治影响等方面的研究成果,来评估和分析作为美国对外政策工具的新媒体的隐患与局限。文章指出,社交网络服务的寡头化结构,加上其传受一体、信息自我复制的传播机制,便利了流言的散播,却难以实现整体上的自我纠错。同时,由于政府主导之下的传媒体制面对流言时存在天然困境,某些时期和场合境内外破坏势力易得到可乘之机,从而酿成严重后果。与此同时,如果将新媒体产业放置在全球资本竞争和全球化时代行为体多样化的背景下,新媒体作为对外政策工具的效用将具有诸多局限性。这些问题都需要辅以对策进行应对。

This article aims to appraise and analyze the hidden dangers and the limitations of the new media as a US foreign policy tool based on the academic literature concerning domestic and foreign research on the new media＇ s manage ment mechanism, political influences and so on. It points out that both the oligarchy structure of SNS and disadvantages of the governmentallycontrolled media mechanism contribute to the challenges by rumors on the Internet. And at the same time, the effectiveness of the new media industry as a foreign policy tool will be confined in many fields under the background of global capital competition and diversification of global actors.