湖北省孝感市2009～2012年水痘流行特征分析

Analysis on the Epidemiological Characteristics of Varicella during 2009～2012 in Xiaogan City of Hubei Province

目的:了解2009～2012年孝感市水痘发病情况及流行特征,为制定水痘疫情流行的防治措施提供科学依据。方法:设计流行病学调查表,在孝感周边地区设立临时观察点,由皮肤科医生进行散发病例的临床观察和调查,并抽取近几年来的地方流行病学预防统计报表资料,用描述流行病学方法对数据进行整理分析,统计学处理采用SPSS 18软件进行分析。结果:2009～2012年孝感市共报告水痘病例6 324例,无死亡病例报告;年平均发病率为32.838 1/10万,全年各月均有病例发生,呈现5～6月和11～12月两个明显发病高峰,占报告病例总数的25.90%和27.02%;有明显季节性,在夏季和冬季出现发病高峰。2009～2011年间发病率呈逐年增高趋势,2012年发病率比2011年略低。水痘在各个年龄组均有发病,4～至10～岁年龄组人群发病例较高占65.67%,男女性别之比为1.74∶1。职业分布以学生和儿童为主,占95.02%。结论:应加强低龄儿童的水痘疾病监测,注意季节发病高峰的健康教育和环境因素可能的影响,采取措施提高水痘疫苗接种率,降低发病率。

Objective：To analysize the incidence and the epidemiological characteristics of var- icella in Xiaogan during 2009 - 2012 and provide evidence for varicella prevention and control. Methods：Design the epidemic investigational table, set up the temporary viewpoint in the periph- eral locality around Xiaogan area, carry on the clinical observation and the investigation of sporad- ic cases by dermatologist, and extract the local epidemic prevention statistics in the last few years. Descriptive epidemiological analysis was conducted on the data of varicella reported through na- tional disease reporting information system. The SPSS 18 was used for statistics processing. Re- sults：A total of 6 324 cases of varicella and no death cases were reported in Xiaogan during 2009 -2012. The average annual incidence was 32. 838 1/1000000, varicella cases occurred in every month during the three years. The peak of the incidence was occurred in summer （May N June,25.90% ） and winter （ November - December, 27.02% ）. The incidence is keep increasing in 2009 ~ 2011, but in 2012 it trends dropping. It has no correlation with temperature,relative hu- midity and rain capacity. Each age group has the disease of varieella. Most cases were children in 4 - to 10 - age groups （65.67%）, the sex ratio of mate vs female cases was 1.74： 1. In occupa- tion distribution, Varicella was highly prevalent in students and children（95.02% ）. Conclusion： It is recommended that the young children＇s varicella disease monitoring should be strengthened.We should pay attention to the health education on the peak of incidence and the possible influ- ence by the environmental factors. Measures should be taken to improve the inoculation rate of varicella vaccine and reduce the incidence of varicella.