风区车站停留车辆纵向气动力研究

Longitudinal aerodynamic force of vehicles in wind area

为了确定风区站停车辆的手制动车辆数,避免车辆溜逸事故的发生,利用风洞和三维数值计算方法对风速、风向角、防风设施、编组不同的车辆纵向气动力进行分析。研究结果表明:车辆所受纵向气动力与风速的平方成正比;当风向角为30°左右时,车辆所受到的纵向气动力最大;不同车辆编组时,头、中、尾车的纵向气动力均比较接近,最大相对误差为4.7%,可减少中间车编组数,提高计算效率;有挡风墙时车辆所受的纵向气动力小于无挡风墙车辆所受的纵向气动力,砼板式挡风墙的防护效果比土堤式挡风墙的优;风洞试验结果与数值计算结果基本相同;风区车站停留车辆纵向气动力研究为车辆防溜分析、车辆手制动数的确定提供了车辆纵向气动力计算载荷。

In order to determine the number of vehicles using hand brake in the stations of wind area, and to prevent the vehicles runaway, wind tunnel tests and three-dimensional numerical calculation were used to analyze the influence of wind speed, wind direction, wind-break facility and vehicle composition on longitudinal aerodynamic force. The results show that the longitudinal aerodynamic force is proportional to the square of the wind speed, and it is the largest when the wind angle is about 30~. Vehicle composition is different, the longitudinal aerodynamic forces of head car, middle car and end car are approximate, and the maximum relative difference is 4.7%, thus, the number of intermediate cars can be reduced to improve the calculation efficiency. Longitudinal aerodynamic force of vehicle behind wind-break wall is less than that of no wind-break wall, and the protective effect of the concrete wind-break wall is better than the embankment wind-break wall. The results of wind tunnel test and numerical calculation are almost the same. Longitudinal aerodynamic force analysis can provide aerodynamic loads for vehicle anti-slip calculation and determination of the number of vehicles using hand brake.