微小RNA在结肠癌中的研究进展

Progress in researches on microRNA in colon cancer

结肠癌是世界三大最常见癌症之一,其发病机制已被广泛研究。而近年来微小RNA(microRNA,miRNA)与肿瘤的相关性研究已成为热点。miRNA参与了包括肿瘤的发生发展和肿瘤细胞凋亡增殖等相关机制的调控。最近的研究显示miRNA可作为新的肿瘤生物标记物,从而对肿瘤的化疗敏感性及预后进行预测。然而,在临床应用miRNA之前还有许多问题有待解决。通过更为广泛的研究以及数据的积累找出更适合作为生物标记物的miRNA,并能更好的了解其在结肠癌中的作用。文中对miRNA作为结肠癌的诊断、预后及药物反应预测的生物标志物的潜在作用进行总结与阐述。

Colon cancer is the third most common cancer in the world. Its carcinogenesis has been extensively studied, and its correlation with miRNA has come into the highlight of research in recent years, miRNA is involved in the regulation of such biological processes as the development and progression of cancer and the apoptosis and proliferation of tumorous cells. Recent studies show that, as a new potential biomarker, miRNA can better characterize tumor prognosis and predict its response to different active chemotherapies. However, many questions are to be answered before miRNA can be applied in clinical practice. Accumulation of further data will allow of the determination the most relevant miRNA as biomarkers and a better understanding of their roles in colon carcinogenesis. This review summarizes the potential roles of miRNA as biomarkers in the diagnosis, prognosis and drug-response prediction of colon cancer.