塌陷型胫骨平台骨折的临床研究进展

Progress in Clinical Research about the Collapsed Fracture of Tibial Plateau

胫骨平台骨折(FTP)是一种典型的膝关节内骨折,多由外力挤压或撞击而致,因平台髁骨多由海绵状的松质骨构成,暴力甚至可导致胫骨平台塌陷,且常伴有周围软组织损伤,可引发功能性关节炎,甚至膝关节功能严重障碍。在塌陷型FTP的手术治疗过程中,做好解剖复位、填塞植骨及坚强内固定是公认的"三要素"。对于塌陷型FTP,首先手术入路一般选择为膝正中入路或双切口入路;其次是复位内固定方法的选择,具体有"T"形、"L"形、"高尔夫"形或锁定钢板等;而对于填塞植骨材料,随着科学技术的不断进步,具有不易变形、骨性支持、良好生物相容性等优点的人工骨材料应用前景广泛,值得深入研究推广。

The fracture of tibial plateau is a typical fracture of the knee joint,which is mostly caused by extruding or ramming from the extemal force. The condyle of plateau is composed by spongy cancellous bone, so violence can lead to sinking of the tibia plateau, and losses of soft tissue around the joints. It can bring about functional arthritis, or even serious dysfunction of the knee joint. The three elements in the treatment of fracture of tibial plateau are anatomic reduetion,tamponade bone grafting and internal fixation. The ordinary surgical approaches for collapsed fracture of tibial plateau are knee midline incision or double approach inci- sion. The methods of fixation are T-shape, L-shape, golf-shape and locking plate. As for the grafting filling material, with the progress of science and technology, the application of the artificial bone material is wide because of its advantages of not easily deformed, bony support and good biocompatibility, which is worth of deeoer research and Dooularization.