摘要
目的:调查了解肺结核患者愈后膳食情况、营养知识及相关疾病知识知晓情况,为促进肺结核患者愈后健康恢复提供参考。方法:选取某县愈后肺结核患者545例,由经统一培训的调查员进行面对面的问卷调查。主要内容包括膳食营养状况、营养知识及营养相关慢性病知识知晓情况。结果:膳食情况调查显示,愈后肺结核患者每日三餐不规律者143例,占26.34%;一周饮食中种类<5种者及很少吃奶蛋肉类者分别占26.34%和43.12%;常吃较咸食物者176例,占32.29%;BMI<18.5者67例,占12.11%;食欲不佳者45例,占8.26%;患者愈后膳食种类较患病时有明显提高(P<0.001),平均食用种类为5.2种。影响肺结核患者愈后膳食种类的因素主要为性别(P<0.05)和知识知晓率(P<0.001)。健康状况调查显示,仍有呼吸困难者或气喘者92例,占16.88%;常感乏力者216例,占39.63%。肺结核患者愈后膳食营养知识知晓率为68.69%;对哪种食物含铁较多的知晓率是42.02%;对常吃什么食物可以防治贫血知晓率43.30%;治愈后的肺结核患者对人体超重/肥胖容易引起哪些疾病知晓率为58.70%;引起糖尿病的原因知晓率是49.91%;糖尿病患者是否比正常人更易患肺结核知晓率67.52%;肺结核患者是否比正常人更易患糖尿病知晓率57.43%;肺结核患者是否比正常人更易患糖尿病知晓率57.43%。治愈后的肺结核患者的结核病相关知识知晓率为84.6%,影响知晓率的主要因素为文化水平(P<0.05)。结论:肺结核患者愈后膳食结构仍不够合理,膳食营养知识以及营养相关慢病防治知识知晓率较低,有待提高。
[Objective] To investigate diet nutrition and knowledge of nutrition and nutrition-related chronic diseases on tuberculosis (TB) after cure to provide reference to promote TB patients prognosis [Method] Totally 545 TB patients were selected and face-to-face questionnaires were car- ried out by trained professional investigators. To survey 545 tuberculosis patients after cure on diet and knowledge of nutrition and nutrition-related chronic diseases. [Result] Results showed irregular diet with 143 cases accounted for 26. 34% , dietary species below 5 accounted for 26. 34% , less milk, eggs, meat accounted for 43. 12%, regularly salty food with 176 cases accountad for 32. 29%,4, BMI below 18. 5 accounted for 12. 11%, and loss of appetite accounted for 8. 26%. Dietary species was significandy improved than before (P 〈0. 001 ), and average dietary species was 5. Z Influencing factors of dietary species was mainly gender (P 〈0. 05) and awareness (P 〈0. 001) . There were still 92 cases with difficulty in breathing and 216 cases with fatigue, which accounted for 16. 88% and 68, 69% respectively. Awareness of nutrition knowledge was 68. 69% , iron-containing foods awareness was 42. 02%, which food preventing anemia awareness was 43. 30%, diseases caused by obesity awareness was 58. 70%, diabetes reason awareness was 49. 91%, tuberculosis patients are mere likely to have diabetes awareness was 57. 43%, tuberculosis related knowledge awareness was 84. 6%. The main influencing factors of awareness rate was cultural level (P 〈0. 05). [Conclusion] Dietary patterns of tuberculosis patients after cure was still not correct. Knowledge of diet nutrition and nutrition-related chronic diseases awareness was still low.
出处
《中国食物与营养》
2013年第4期73-77,共5页
Food and Nutrition in China
基金
国家自然科学研究基金(项目编号:81172662)
达能基金资助(项目编号:Danone 2011)
关键词
肺结核
膳食
慢性病
营养知识
pulmonary tuberculosis
diet
chronic disease
nutrition knowledge