多泥沙电站水轮机的选型、水力设计和结构优化

Type selection,hydraulic design and structure optimization of hydraulic turbine for sandy power station

泥沙是水电站必须面对的重要问题,它会侵蚀和破坏电站设备,尤其是对水轮机过流部件的磨蚀,不仅降低了机组效率和可用率,而且危及电站运行安全。作为对策,本文概述了多泥沙电站水轮机的选型、水利设计、材料选择和结构设计几个方面需要注意的细则,并对电站工程设计、机组运行管理和维护检修提出了建议。这些细则和建议是从许多工程运用实例中提炼和总结出来的,已被许多工程实例证明是行之有效的,可以从根本上应对泥沙对水轮机过流部件的磨蚀。

Sand is a critical issue that hydropower plants have to confront with. It erodes and destroys electric equipment, especially wears flow-parts of hydraulic turbine, which not only reduce the efficiency and utilization rate of units, but also endanger operation security of power plant. As the solution, this thesis summarizes some critical specifics, such as type selection, hydraulic design, material selection and structure design of hydraulic turbine, at the same time, puts forward some suggestions for engineering design of power station, operation management of units and maintenance. These specifics and suggestions were abstracted and summarized from engineering practices, which have been proved by many projects that can essentially cope with the sand abrasion on flow-parts of hydraulic turbine.