避难场所生活物资政府—企业联合储备优化问题研究

A Study on the Problem of Combined Commodity Storage Optimization Between Government and Enterprises for Emergency Shelters

应急避难场所是地震等大型自然灾害发生后人员安置的重要场所。用于救灾的生活物资如食品、饮用水等既是应急资源,同时也是日用消费品,在一定保质期内需要定期更新,因此这种特殊应急资源储备需同时兼顾应急供应保障度和日常管理成本。文章以应急避难场所的一个存储周期为研究对象,将避难所及其周围的超市作为可选存储地点,避难所自行储备的供应保障度高,但日常管理成本较大,周边超市则相反,建立混合整数规划模型,选择周边超市和避难所一同存储一定数量的生活物资,在满足政府预算的条件下,使得应急状态下物资保障程度最大化。文章设计了启发式算法,最后给出算例说明算法的有效性。

Emergency shelters are important to the large scale disaster such as earthquake. The commodity such as food, drinking water, is not only necessary for emergency response but also peacetime, and must be renewed beyond the quality guarantee period, so its storage should balance the management cost and the availability. But shelter storing mode is more costly and available than shop deputy storing mode. A mixed integer programming model is proposed to decide the storage in emergency shelter and select some shops around it and their deputy storage. The objective is maximizing availability satisfying the constraint of budget. Heuristic algorithm and a nu- merical example are given at the end.