简析彝族土司统治区的土目组织——以乌撒彝区为例

A Brief Analysis of Tumu Organization in the Yi Chieftain Controled Areas——Case study of Uzza Yi Area

彝族社会的土目是元代土司制度建立过程中出现的汉语土语名称,然其原生形态,可上推至彝族君长制度形成之时。彝族乌撒地方政权,由君长到土司,雄踞乌蒙山区一千多年,统治地望跨越今云贵两省边区,一直延续到土司制度的终结。其政权的统治基础是土目组织与分治。对乌撒政权所辖范围土目的形成和历史演变进行探索,可揭示出君长或土司政权基础的土目兴衰过程的一般规律。

The Tumu of the Yi society was the Chinese local dialect arisen during the process of constructing the Tusi system in Yuan Dynasty in the Yi society,whose original formcan be traced back to the formation of the Yi tribal leader system. In the Yi Uzza area, the local power,from tribal leaders to chieftains, had commandeered Wumeng Mountain for over one thousand years, prevailing over the board areas of the present Yunnan and Guizhou until the end of the Tusi system. The basis of its dominance was the Tumu organization and partition and the exploration of the formation and development of Tumu in Uzza powered areas will reveal the genera/law of rise and fall in the development of Tumu based on tribal or chieftain leadership.