冀北山地蒙古栎天然林土壤物理性质及水源涵养功能研究

Soil Physical Properties and Water Conservation Function of Natural Quercus Mongolica Forest in Mountainous Area of Northern Hebei Province

对冀北山地不同坡位的蒙古栎天然林土壤水分物理性质及水源涵养能力进行了初步研究。结果表明,0—40cm土层土壤容重、非毛管孔隙度、有效持水量均表现为:坡中>坡下>坡上,土壤容重在1.0～1.1g/cm3之间;土壤非毛管孔隙度和有效持水量均值为8.9%和347.6t/hm2。土壤毛管孔隙度、总孔隙度、毛管持水量和最大持水量均表现为:坡下>坡中>坡上,其均值分别是38.5%,47.5%,1 521.50t/hm2和1 869.1t/hm2。枯落物厚度、蓄积量和最大持水量表现为:坡下>坡上>坡中,其均值分别是48.7cm,23.5t/hm2和49.3t/hm2,最大持水率表现为:坡上>坡中>坡下,变化范围为219.3%～231.8%。蒙古栎天然林林地蓄水能力表现为:坡下(1 996.0t/hm2)>坡中(1 930.0t/hm2)>坡上(1 829.3t/hm2),平均蓄水量为1 918.4t/hm2。由此可知,蒙古栎天然林蓄水能力受坡位影响较大。

Soil physical properties and water conservation of Natural Quercus rnongolica forest were studied at different slope positions in the mountainous area of Northern Hebei Province. The results showed that soil bulk density, soil non-capillary porosity, and effective water storage at the upper 40 cm soil layer varied at different slope positions, in a descending order as middle slope）lower slope）upslope. Soil bulk density varied between 1.0 g/cma and 1.1 g/cma. The means of soil non-capillary porosity and effective water storage amount were 8.9% and 347.6 t/hm^2 , respectively. Soil capillary porosity, total porosity, soil capillary water storage and maximum water storage at different slopes had average values of 38. 5%, 47. 5%, 1 521. 5 t/hm^2 , and 1 869.1 t/hm^2 , respectively, with the highest values at lower slope and the lowest at upslope. The litter thickness, total litter and maximum water storage had averages of 48.7 cm, 23.6 t/hm^2 , and 49.3 t/hm^2, respectively, and can be ranked in terms of slope positions as： lower slope〉upslope〉middle slope. Maximum water holding capacity varied from 219.34% to 231.8%, exhibited highest values at upslope, followed by middle slope, and then lower slope. Water storage of the forest at different positions can be arranged in a descending order as： lower slope （1 996. 0 t/hm^2） ~middle slope （1 930. 0 t/hm^2） ） upslope （1 829.3 t/hm^2）. The average value of water storage was 1 918.4 t/hm^2. The results indicated that water storage capacity of natural Quercus mongolica forest was significantly affected by slope position.