采石场松散体坡面平铺生态袋绿化的水土保持效应

Soil and Water Conservation Effects of Ecological Bag Mulching on Loose Media Slopes in Quarries

为研究生态袋技术在采石场松散体坡面的水土保持效应,利用2011年北京市房山区周口店镇采石场的10次产流资料,采用径流小区观测法,研究了生态袋技术在不同平均雨强(1.02,5.07和12.05mm/h)和不同坡度(20°,25°,30°,35°)条件下对裸露松散体坡面的水土保持效应。结果表明,生态袋技术可以显著减少松散体坡面径流深和泥沙含量,其径流深和产沙量均小于对照,在不同平均雨强和坡度下可平均减少25.2%的径流深和53.1%的产沙量,在不同坡度下可平均减少23.5%的径流深和60.6%的产沙量。当平均雨强为12.05mm/h和坡度为35°时的减流减沙效应最显著。相关分析结果表明,径流深、产沙量和雨强、坡度呈良好的相关关系。平铺生态袋绿化是解决松散体坡面水土流失的重要措施之一。

The major objective of this study was to understand the effects of ecological bag mulching on soil and water conservation on the loose media slopes in quarries. Based on the observed runoff data in ten rainfall events in 2011, the authors studied the changes of runoff and sediment yields under three rainfall intensities and four types of slopes with mulching of ecological bags in the experimental plots, located in Zhoukoudian County of Fangshan District. It was found that ecological bag mulching reduced significantly water losses and soil erosion; with the different rainfall intensity and slope, the observed runoff depth and sediment yield of the plots with ecological bag mulching were 23.5%-25.2% and 53.1%- 60.6% lower than that of the con- trol plot, respectively. The effects of reducing runoff and soil loss were most notable with a rainfall intensity of 12.05 mm/h and slope of 35°. The regression analysis indicated that runoff and sediment yield correlated closely with rainfall intensity and slope in general, while no corresponding relation were found between run- off depth and sediment yield in different rainfall intensity, vegetation and slope conditions. The mulching technology with ecological bags was one of the important measures in controlling soil erosion.