不同穴播种植与施肥对春小麦产量及其水分利用效率的影响

Effects of Different Methods of Cultivation and Fertilization on Spring Wheat Yield and Water Use Efficiency in Semi-arid Area

采用田间试验方法,研究了不同穴播种植方式与施肥对旱地春小麦产量及水分利用效率的影响。结果表明,在采取的4种穴播种植方式中,全膜覆土穴播种植方式有利于小麦碳水化合物的合成,增加了小麦干物质积累量,N,P和K平衡施肥干物质积累量增加效果明显;全膜覆土穴播种植方式较全膜小垄沟覆土穴播、全膜不覆土穴播和露地穴播种方式小麦产量分别增加4.9%～8.0%,20.4%～22.6%和59.7%～72.8%,干旱年份增产效果尤为突出;该种植方式下,N,P2O5和K2O的用量分别为180,120和90kg/hm2时(Z0F1处理),小麦产量和水分利用效率最高,较露地穴播提高72.8%和111.1%。表明春小麦在全膜覆土穴播栽培技术条件下,合理配方施肥可显著提高小麦籽粒产量和水分利用效率,干旱年份效果极为明显。

Field trials were conducted to study different methods of cultivation and fertilization on wheat yield and water use efficiency in the semi-arid. The results showed that among the four methods applied, pit cultivation with both soil cover and full film mulching benefited substantially the synthesis of carbohydrates of wheat plants and then increased dry matter accumulation. The application of balanced N, P and K significantly improved the accumulation of dry biomass. Compared furrow cultivation with soil cover and film mulching, pit cultivation with film mulching and open pit cultivation, wheat yield of pit cultivation with both soil cover and full film mulching increased by 4.9%-8.0% ,20.4%-22.6% ,59.7%-72.8%, respectively, and the improving effects was particularly prominent in dry years. In this cultivation mode, wheat yields and water use efficiency were the highest with application of 180, 120 and 90 kg/hm^2 of the N, P205 and K2O respectively （Z0F1 treatment）, which was respective 72.8% and 111.1% higher than those of open pit cultivation. The results showed that balanced fertilization could significantly increase grain yield and water use efficiency in the mode of pit cultivation with both soil cover and full film mulching, and the effects were extremely significant in dry years.