陕北煤矿区地表水环境评价与水矿捆绑模式研究

Evaluating Surface Water Environment and Water-Mine Bundle Model in Coal Mining Areas of Northern Shaanxi Province

为解决陕北煤矿区的经济发展与水环境关系问题,更好地保护矿区生态和环境。通过对陕北主要煤矿区地表水环境的实际监测和对历年水文数据分析,依据国家《地表水环境质量标准(GB3838—2002)》和内梅罗水质指数法进行了地表水环境安全评价。结果表明:(1)陕北煤矿区的窟野河、窟野河人工湖、秃尾河、榆溪河、中营盘水库和红碱淖的水均为Ⅴ类水质;(2)陕北煤矿区地表水量呈减少趋势,尤其是煤炭工业发展以来地表水量减少速度加快。针对陕北煤矿区的水环境问题,提出了能解决经济发展与水环境关系的"水矿捆绑"发展模式,介绍了其具体实施流程,并对该模式的优势及不足之处进行了评价。

To solve the conflict between economic development and water environment and to better protect the ecological environment of coal mining areas, we analyzed the field monitoring data regarding surface water environment and the hydrological data collected in coal mining areas of Northern Shaanxi Province. Evaluation of surface water environment safety was conducted according to the groundwater quality standard （GB3838--2002） and Nemerow Index. The results showed that most of the rivers met the V grade of the standard, such as Kuye River, Kuye River lake, Tuwei River, Yuxi River, Zhongyingpan Reservoir, and Hongjiannao Lake. The capacity of surface water was reduced at an accelerated rate in the main mining areas after the development of coal industry. Thus, we proposed ＂water--mine bundle＂ model as a development model to solve the problem in water environment in coal mining areas. We also specified the procedures of implementation and evaluation regarding advantages and disadvantages.