株洲霞湾港典型植物重金属分布状况研究

Heavy Metal Distribution of Typical Plant in Xiawan Harbor of Zhuzhou

为了给重金属污染区域的植物恢复提供参考依据,采集了株洲市霞湾港14种典型植物及其土壤,研究了植物中重金属的分布、污染、迁移和积累规律,发现不同典型植物在重金属污染区域的生存特点,并采用潜在生态风险指数法,评价土壤重金属污染状况,根据富集系数和转移系数研究了植物中重金属的分布和转移规律。结果表明,多数土壤重金属元素含量都明显偏高,潜在生态危害依次为Eir(Cd)>Eir(Pb)>Eir(Cu)>Eir(Zn),其中以Cd污染最严重。植物根茎叶中的重金属含量因重金属元素的不同而不同,在根茎叶3个部位中,均是Zn的含量最高,其次是Pb。商陆、苦楝和葛藤对Cu、Cd、Pb、Zn的富集能力很强,可以作为治理此4种重金属污染土壤的富集植物;牛皮消和藜对Cu、Pb、Zn的治理能有一定效果;马兜铃和臭牡丹则能够作为Cd、Pb、Zn重金属污染生态治理的参考植物。

The author collected 14 kinds of typical plants and soil in Xiawan harbor of Zhuzhou City, researched the distribution of heavy metals in plants, pollution, migration and accumulation, and found the characteristics of different typical plants in heavy metal pollution regional, with a view to provide reference for plants restoration in heavy metal pollution area. With potential ecological risk index method to evaluate the soil heavy metal pollution, according to the bioconcentration factor and transfer coefficient of heavy metals in plants to know the distribution and transformation. The results showed that： the majority of soil heavy metal elements content were apparent on the high side, potential ecological risk in the following order： Eir（Cd）〉Eir（Pb）〉Eir（Cu）〉Eir（Zn）, among which Cd was the most serious. The heavy metal content was different in different parts of plants. In the three parts, Zn was the highest, followed by Pb. Pokeberry root, Melia azedarach and Pueraria lobata on Cu, Cd, Pb, Zn accumulation ability was very strong, could be used as heavy metals enrichment plants to control the four kinds of polluted soil. Cynanchum auriculatum and Chenopodiaceae could have certain effect on Cu, Pb, Zn; Aristolochiadebilis and Clerodendrum bungei could be used as heavy metal pollution reference plant of ecological management on Cd, Pb, Zn.