栽培因素对甘蓝型优质杂交油菜品质组合性状的影响

Effect of Cultivation Factor on Quality Combination Parameters of High Grade Hybrid Rape in Brassica napus L.

为了研究播期、密度、施氮量、施磷量、施钾量5个主要栽培因素对甘蓝型优质杂交油菜品质组合性状的影响,以‘油研599’和‘三北98’为材料,运用五元二次正交旋转组合设计进行试验研究。结果表明,脂蛋总量与播期(-0.7493、-0.3846)呈负相关,与氮肥(0.8927*、0.8977*)、钾肥(0.5851、0.7530)呈正相关;不饱和脂肪酸总量与密度(0.2086、0.6696)、氮肥(0.7913、0.6980)呈正相关,与磷肥(-0.6350、-0.4162)呈负相关;不饱和指数与密度(0.5447、0.5721)、氮肥(0.9208*、0.8863*)呈正相关,与磷肥(-0.2442、-0.3468)、钾肥(-0.3562、-0.6703)呈负相关;饱和脂肪酸总量与播期(0.4329、0.7887)、磷肥(0.8928*、0.3449)呈正相关;不饱和脂肪酸总量与饱和脂肪酸总量之比与播期(-0.1264、-0.7246)、磷肥(-0.8513、-0.7480)呈负相关,与氮肥(0.5380、0.5406)呈正相关;18碳脂肪酸总量与密度(0.2387、0.7053)、氮肥(0.7866、0.7200)呈正相关,与磷肥(-0.6438、-0.3948)呈负相关;芥酸支链脂肪酸总量与播期(-0.7400、-0.4480)、氮肥(-0.5999、-0.9558*)呈负相关,与密度(0.8918*、0.0923)呈正相关;不饱和脂肪酸总量与芥酸链脂肪酸总量之比与播期(0.7014、0.3873)、氮肥(0.6824、0.9614**)、钾肥(0.0502、0.0018)呈正相关;油酸与亚油酸之和与密度(0.3146、0.6348)、氮肥(0.7429、0.5280)呈正相关,与磷肥(-0.6286、-0.4431)呈负相关。5个栽培因素对不饱和脂肪酸总量与芥酸链脂肪酸总量之比的影响较大,对脂蛋总量的影响较小。通过调整播期、密度、施氮量、施钾量4个主要栽培因素可一定程度改善油的品质,磷肥对于改善油的品质是一个起负效应的栽培因素。

Abstract： In order to study comprehensive effect of sowing dates, plant densities, nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphorus fertilizer, potassium on quality combination parameters of high grade hybrid rape. Experimentmaterial is ‘Youyan 599＇ and ‘Sanbei 98＇, study on effects of cultivation factor on quality combination parameters of high grade hybrid rape were carried out through orthogonal rotational regression combinationdesign in Brassica napus L. The results showed that, there were negative correlations between protein ＆ fat content and sowing dates （-0.7493,-0.3846）, positively correlated with nitrogenous fertilizer （0.8927, 0.8977）, and potassium （0.5851, 0.7530）. There were positively correlations between unsaturated fatty acid and plant densities （0.2086, 0.6696）, nitrogenous fertilizer （0.7913, 0.6980）, negative correlated with phosphorus fertilize （-0.6350,-0.4162）. There were positively correlations between saturated fatty acid and sowing dates （0.4329, 0.7887）, phosphorus fertilize （0.8928, 0.3449）. There were positively correlations between index of unsaturated fatty acid and plant densities （0.5447, 0.5721）, nitrogenous fertilizer （0.9208, 0.8863）, negative correlated with phosphorus fertilizer （-0.2442,-0.3468）, potassium （-0.3562,-0.6703）. There were negative correlations between ratio of unsaturated fatty acid and saturated fatty acid and sowing dates （-0.1264,-0.7246）, phosphorus fertilizer （-0.8513,-0.7480）, positively correlations with nitrogenous fertilizer （0.5380, 0.5406）. There were positively correlations between 18C fatty acid content and plant densities （0.2387, 0.7053）, nitrogenous fertilizer （0.7866, 0.7200）, negative correlations with phosphorus fertilizer （-0.6438, -0.3948）. There were negative correlations between total fatty acid content of erucic acid chain and sowing dates （-0.7400,-0.4480）, nitrogenous fertilizer （-0.5999,-0.9558）, positively correlations with plant densities （0.8918, 0.0923）. There were positively correlations between ratio of unsaturated fatty acid and total fatty acid content of erucic acid chain and sowing dates （0.7014, 0.3873）, nitrogenous fertilizer （0.6824, 0.9614）, potassium （0.0502, 0.0018）. There were positively correlations between oleie acid ＆ linoleic acid andplant densities （0.3146, 0.6348）, nitrogenous fertilizer （0.7429, 0.5280）, negative correlated wlm phosphorus fertilize （-0.6286,-0.4431）. There were positively correlations and negative correlations among cultivation factor and quality combination parameters influence of each cultivation factor on quality combination parameters, positively correlations and negauve correlations could be counteract each other.Expression of quality combination parameter for each treat was comprehensive influence of five cultivation factors on quality combination parameter. It was bigger for effect of five cultivation factors on ratio of unsaturated fatty acid andtotal fatty acid content of erucic acid chain of two varieties, it was smaller for effect of five cultivation factors on protein ＆ fat content of two varieties, oil quality of high grade hybrid rape could improvement to a certain extent through negative effect adjusting cultivation measure, phosphorus fertilizer was a cultivation factor that produce on oil quality of high grade hybrid rape.