“始终”的词汇语法化初探

On the Lexical Grammaticalization of “shizhong”(始终)

采用定量与定性相结合、实验的方法对"始终"词汇语法化的历程进行了考察。"始"和"终"通过并列连用结合为"始终",从魏晋南北朝时期逐渐词汇化为并列关系的名词,表"从头至尾"等义,用作主语、谓语或宾语;唐代开始,"始终"开始修饰谓词性成分;宋代以后,"始终"主要用作状语,语义不断泛化,在转喻及类推的作用下,"始终"最终语法化为时间副词。

This article is a quantitative-qualitative study of the process of grammaticalization of the Chinese word ＂shizhong＂ （ 始终 ） . ＂shizhong＂ is a compound of ＂shi＂ and ＂zhong＂ and it was gradually lexicalized into a coordinative noun in the Wei, Jin and the Northern and Southern dynasties. Bearing the meaning of ＂from the beginning to the end＂, it functioned as subject, predicate or object. From the Tang dynasty on, ＂shizhong＂ became modifier of nominal elements. Since the Song dynasty, ＂shizhong＂ mainly served as adverbial. With constant semantic generalization and the effect of the cognitive metonymy and analogy, the word was finally grammaticalized into an adverb.