论《大清新刑律草案》对罪犯基本权利的保护——近代三大刑法基本原则视角下的分析

On the Protection of Criminals' Fundamental Rights of New Criminal Law Draft of the Qing Dynasty——A Perspective of Three Basic Principles of Modern Criminal Law

《大清新刑律草案》渗透了西方近代进步法律思想和法律原则,不仅全面体现了西方近代刑法三大基本原则,即罪刑法定原则、罪刑相适应原则和刑罚人道主义原则,而且从法律制度上较为鲜明地表现了对罪犯基本权利的法律保护。这标志着中国传统法律开始向近代转型,既是中国传统法律从维护国家权力向保护个人权利转型的开端,也是近代中国人权保护法制化的开端。该法律草案也存在着明显的历史局限性。

The New Criminal Law Draft of the Qing Dynasty is infiltrated with the advanced western legal thoughts and legal principles in that it not only comprehensively embodies three fundamental principles of modern western criminal law, namely the Doctrine of Legal Crime and Penalty, the Doctrine of Suitable Punishment to the Crime and the Doctrine of Humanitarian Criminal Punishment, but also clearly defines the legal protection of criminals＇ fundamental rights from the legal system. This marks the modernization of the Chinese traditional law and the transformation of the Chinese traditional law from maintaining national power to protecting individual rights. This law marks the beginning of legalization for the protection of human rights in modem China, despite the obvious historical limitations.