关于完善我国医疗废物无害化处置和管理的政策思考

Considerations on medical waste sound disposal and management strategies in china

该文全面分析了我国医疗废物管理与处理、处置现状、政策法规贯彻执行情况和能力建设情况。医疗废物,作为危险废物管理中相对独立的一个重要组成部分,在我国得到了高度的重视。"十一五"期间,法律、法规的支撑体系趋于完善,环保、卫生分工合作的管理体制基本形成,医疗废物集中处置设施建设取得突破,城市医疗废物处置率快速上升。不过,医疗废物污染防治工作依然严峻。医疗废物环境无害化管理工作依然存在医疗废物分类体系不当、收运处置体系不完善、监管能力不足、疫情应急能力缺乏等问题,东中西部地区、城市与偏远农村地区的设施水平、管理能力的差异还较大。对此,作者建议将医疗废物无害化处置纳入"十二五"环境保护规划范围,完善医废分类,规范收集和后续处理、处置,并从完善医疗废物分类和收集管理、全方位提高无害处处置水平、推进设施规范运行和整改淘汰、提升疫情应急应对能力等方面提出了政策建议。

This article analyses the status of medical waste treatment and management, the execution of relative regulations and the ability building of supervision and disposal in China. As a very important part of hazardous waste, medical waste management has been received a lot of attention. In the past 5 years, with the improved regulation systems and the cooperation mechanisms between Environmental Protection and Health authorities, the construction of medical waste centralized disposal facilities has got breakthrough, and the sound disposal rate of medical waste in cities greatly increased. However, problems such as improper sorting system, unreasonable collection system, insufficient supervision and lack of epidemic response abilities, still need to be overcome. The differences of west, middle and east part of China as well as suburbs and remote countryside should also been considered. Therefore, the authors suggest that medical waste sound disposal should been involved in the national and local 12th five year plans of Environmental Protection. A set of strategies on revising medical waste sorting regulations, promoting collection systems, improving sound disposal, advancing in facility running and rectification, upgrading the emergency response capabilities are proposed.