试论十九世纪三十至七十年代英国对中亚的“精明无为”政策

On the“Masterly inactivity”Policy Adopted by the United Kingdom During 1830s and 1870s in Central Region

十九世纪三十年代,英国政府为了确保英属印度殖民地的安全,结合当时的中亚形势制定了著名的"精明无为"政策,即避免与俄国在中亚发生直接冲突,消除摩擦,与俄国保持和平关系,同时通过经济、外交手段保持英国对中亚诸国的影响力。为此,英国政府采取了一系列措施,然而这些措施虽然保证了英属印度殖民地的安全,但客观上也推动了俄国在中亚地区的扩张。

In the 1830s, considering the situation of Central Asia , the British government worked out a well -known ＂ masterly inactivity＂ policy to ensure the safety of the British colony of India in order to eliminate clash and direct conflict be- tween the United Kingdom and Russia and keep peaceful relationship with Central Asian countries . Meanwhile, through eco- nomic and diplomatic means, the British government still gave the full play in its influences in this region . All of these meas- ures ensured the safety of India. However, it also stimulates the expansion of Russia in Central Asian region.