英格兰契约租赁持有者的出现

On Advent of Leaseholders in England

契约租赁持有者对近代早期的英国产生了很大的影响,契约租赁持有者在盎格鲁-撒克逊时期的英格兰就已经存在。然而,1348年的黑死病使得英格兰的人口大量减少,领主的自营地无人耕种,大量闲置;这一时期,英格兰的土地市场得到了快速发展,市场的作用使领主无法从自营地中获取利润,促使领主自营地大量出租,而契约租赁持有者的人数大量增加,此时的契约租赁持有者已经具有了一定的规模。

The leaseholders had a significant effect on the early modern England. They had already existed in England dur- ing the Anglo - Saxon period. The Black Death in 1348 led to such a massive reduction of population that the demesne had been wasted away for lack of cultivation. Moreover, the demesne was less profitable for the lord because of the rapid develop- ment of the land market at that time in England ,which made the demesne to be leased out significantly. While the number of leaseholders increased remarkably , the population of leaseholder had already grown to a considerable degree.