论周秦之际工商格局的巨大变革

On the Huge Transformation of the Industrial and Commercial Pattern during the Zhou and Qin Dynasty

相沿1000余年的“官工商”格局,在周秦之际终被打破。其时私营工商业破土而出,与根深蒂固、一统天下的官办官营工商业几经较量,终于获得立足之地,顽强发展,巧妙经营,涌现出一批自由大商人,并迫使一部分官营产业向私营产业转化,从而扩大了城乡商品市场,促进社会经济飞跃发展,孕育出人类经济史上最早的资本主义因素。

The industrial and commercial pattern under the control of the government, lasting for more than one thousand years, was broken during the Zhou Dynasty and the Qin Dynasty. At the time, after repeated struggle with deep rooted and exclusively dominated official industrial and commercial enterprises, privately owned industrial and commercial enterprises began to emerge in large numbers and gained a proper place in economics at last. Through a tenacious development and ingenious management, a number of big merchants free of official control had already produced and a part of official industry had been forced to transform into private industry. As a result, the commodity market between the town and the country was expanded, bringing about a great advance in social economy and carrying within itself the earliest capitalist sector of the economy. This had provided abundant industrial economic thoughts for later ages.