《1844年经济学哲学手稿》中的人道主义问题

The Issue of Humanitarianism as in Economic and Philosophical Manuscripts of 1844

在《1844年经济学哲学手稿》中,人道主义是马克思对国民经济事实进行哲学分析和道德批判的理论基础。它在本质上是一种关于人如何在历史发展中通过消除异化而实现自由的理论体系。它的基本思路是:把异化劳动和私有财产运动的现实规律归结为人的自我异化及其扬弃的抽象的形式规律,用后者的抽象关系和抽象发展去克服前者在现实关系和现实发展中存在的问题,并把后者看作是前者的本质。这表明,马克思此时还尚未达到对"历史活动的真实关系的一般表述"的实证程度。马克思的后续研究表明,他不仅放弃了用人道主义哲学方式分析经济现象的基本方法,也放弃了把人道主义哲学当作诠释历史发展规律的根本原则。但是,作为一种合理的思维方式和价值批判形式,一些人道主义因素却被马克思一直延续下来。

In Economic and Philosophical Manuscripts of 1844, humanitarianism is the theo- retical basis whereupon Karl Marx conducted his philosophical analysis and moral critique. It is, in essence,a theoretical system concerning how men achieve freedom by eliminating alienation in their historical development. Its basic approach is to attribute the realistic law of alienated labor and movement of private property to the abstract, formal law of men＇s self-alienation and abroga- tion, use the latter＇s abstract relation and development to overcome the former＇s problems which exist in its realistic relation and development, and view the latter as the essence of the former. This shows that Marx,at the time, had not yet reached an empirical level whereupon to express the real relations of historical movement. His subsequent research indicates that he had aban- doned not only the basic method of analyzing economic phenomena through humanitarian philoso- phy but also the fundamental principle of interpreting the laws of historical development from the humanitarian philosophical perspective. However, Marx kept certain humanitarian elements for sound thinking and as a form of critique of value.