太子河鱼类群落结构空间分布特征

Study of Zoning and Distribution Characteristics of Fish in Taizi River

以辽河流域太子河为例,开展鱼类生态调查,分析鱼类群落的空间分布特征,在此基础上进行鱼类地理分布区域划分.结果表明,太子河鱼类分属2纲9目12科36属44种,符合辽河亚区鱼类的分布特征,其种类繁多,且以纺锤形体型的鲤科鱼类居多.通过CCA(典范对应分析)发现,水深、水体电导率以及ρ(TDS)(TDS为总溶解固体)和ρ(TN)与鱼类的种类及数量的相关性最大.根据对各采样点鱼类的渔获量、Shannon-Wiener指数的聚类分析,并且结合各采样点的水温、水深、饵料生物组成、岸边植被、底质、流速、土壤等生态环境因素,以及鱼类分布和种群的结构特征,将太子河流域划分为2个生态区,其中A区包括太子河中、上游的流域,涵盖了51个采样点;B区包括19个采样点,主要是太子河下游的绝大部分流域.

Ecological survey of fish community was conducted in the Taizi River, and its characteristics of spatial distribution were analyzed. The fish geography of zoning was described based on the community data. The result showed that there were totally 44 species in the Taizi River, and these species belonged to 36 genera, 12 families, 9 orders and 2 classes. Water depth, conductivity, total nitrogen and total dissolved solid were the most important factors those affect species diversity and biomass were analyzed by the canonical correspondence analysis （CCA）. Based on the community and environmental factors such as the index of Shannon-Wiener, distribution characteristics of fish, water temperature, water depth, fish bait. The Taizi River was divided into two ecoregions, A zone and B zone. In the total functional zones, 51 locations in the upstream and midstream belonged to A zone, while 19 locations in the downstream belonged to B zone.