1Mangano D T, Browner W S, Hollenherg M, et al. Association of perioperative myocardial ischemia with cardiac morbidity and mortality in men undergoing noncardiac surgery. The Study of Perioperative Ischemia Research Group[J]. N Engl Jmed, 1990, 323(26), 1781-1788.
2Shires G T III, Barber A, Shires G T. Fluid and electrolyte management of the surgical patient. In:Schwartz SI, Shires G T, eds. Principles of Surgery. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill Co, 1999.53-75.
3Jon S. Thompson, B. Timothy Baxter, John G. Allison, et al. Temporal Patterns of Postoperative Complications[J]. Arch Surg, 2003,138 : 596-603.
4Alsous F,Khamiees M,DeGirolamo A,et al. Negative fluid balance predicts survival in patients with septic shoek:a retrospective pilot study[J]. Chest,2000,117(6) :1749-1754.
5Bellomo R, Raman J, Ronco C. Intensive care unit management of the critically ill patient with fluid overload after open heart surgery[J]. Cardiology, 2001,96(3-4) :169-176.
