美、德、日三国大学教师流动制度的比较研究

A Comparative Study of the Personnel Transference System between America,Germany and Japan

教师是一所大学人才的核心,是最为重要的人力资本。美国、德国和日本在大学建设过程中,逐渐认识到教师流动制度对大学生存和发展的重要意义,并形成了各自的制度模式。美国的垂直流动主导型模式通过垂直流动,使高等教育分层显著,对我国探索建立大学教师流动制度以及建设世界高水平大学具有借鉴意义,而日本兼职流动主导型模式不能从根本上改变高等教育资源分布的静态特征,只能是我国建立教师流动制度的过渡选择。

Teachers are the key persons of the university talents and the most important elements of human resources.Universities in America,Germany and Japan,in their development,have come to realize the significant impact of the personnel transference system on the survival and development of the universities and have established their own systems as well.Through a comparative study on the personnel transference system between these three countries,this article indicates that universities in China can use the American system for reference on the establishment of personnel transference system and the construction of world-class universities while drawing lessons from the Japanese system in transition.