当代美国生态批评论述里的全球化转向——海瑟的生态世界主义论述

Global Turns in Contemporary American Ecocritical Discourse:Ursula Heise's Ecocosmopolitanism

本文检视二十一世纪西方生态研究论述里的生态世界主义思想,并以加州大学洛杉矶分校(U-CAL)海瑟(Ursula K.Heise)教授的生态世界主义作为个案探讨。在西方学院里全球环境危机意识越来越强烈的氛围下,不少学者开始批评其生态批评内部的地方性生态思维。海瑟的书《地方感和星球感:全球环境想象》抨击此在地性思维与认同,并提出一个具有星球观的生态世界主义。大量运用全球和后结构主义理论如"去地域性"(deterritorialization)、"去嵌入"(disembeddedment)、"时空压缩"(time-space compression)等概念,来丰富她的生态批评理论。

This article examines twentieth-century ecocritical discourse and uses Ursula K.Heise's ecocosmopolitanism as a case study.The increased environmental-crisis consciousness in academia has catalyzed some scholars to begin to criticize place-bound ecocritical thinking from within.In her book,Sense of Place and Sense of Planet:The Environmeneal lmuginaton of The Global,Heise criticizes a place-based thinking and identity,and suggests that we replace this version of ecocritical thinking and vision with a planet-based ecocosmopoliatanism.In order to do so,she uses many globalization and post-structuralist theories,such as concepts of deterritorialization,disembeddedment,time-space compression,and so on,to enrich her new vision of ecocriticism.