战后中国左翼文学的三种形态及其文学史意义

Three Forms of Left-wing Literature in China after the Second World War and Their Significance in the History of Literature

抗战胜利后是中国左翼文学发展最充分的时期,出现了三种不同的左翼文学形态,即随着"解放区文学"的迅速扩展而逐步进入"体制"的大陆左翼文学、处于政治高压下而以在野文学力量存在的台湾左翼文学和在"体制"外"自由竞争"状态中与右翼文学并存的香港左翼文学。左翼文学的性质决定了只有在各种社会环境中左翼文学不同形态的互为参照中才能更好把握其运行机制及其内在蕴含。战后台湾左翼文学对于鲁迅左翼现实主义传统和日据时期左翼文学"人民性"传统的继承和拓展,香港左翼"本土性"达到的文学现实关怀的高度,都使我们得以在与中国大陆左翼文学对照的反思中把握左翼文学的本质性存在,即从人民立场出发的人道关怀、坚持思想高度的现实批判和追求社会主义理想而不依附于政党现实性诉求的作家个人性写作,这种存在使得左翼文学以"人民的文学"丰富了"人的文学"并会最终归于"人的文学",由此也更深入了解跨越"1949"的中国现代文学转型的历史进程。

After the Second World Wa,the left-wing literature in China saw a period of great development,and three different forms emerged:the mainland left-wing literature;the Taiwan left-wing literature;and the Hong Kong left-wing literature.The character of left-wing literature determines that its operating mechanism and internal connotation can be measured with reference to different forms under different social environments.By comparing the Taiwan left-wing literature,which inherited and developed the traditions of Lu Xun's realism,the Hong Kong left-wing literature whose'local character' allowed it to achieve a high level of realism after the Second World War,and the mainland left-wing literature,we can grasp the essence of left-wing literature.That is, a humanistic concern from the individual's stand point,a highly intellectual realistic critique,and the writer's personal writing which pursues socialist ideals and is independent from any party influence.This shows the left-wing literature to be a combination of'humanistic literature' and'people's literature',and allows it eventually to become a new form of'humanistic literature'.In this way,a deeper understanding of the historical process of the transition in modern Chinese literature striding over the year of 1949 can be reached.