体育文化国际传播的实践考察与理念创新

The Practice in the International Communication of Sports Culture and Concept Innovation

采用历史学、人类学和社会学的研究方法,从项目入手对体育文化国际传播的规律、时代特征进行分析,进而提出体育文化多元共享新理念。研究认为,1)体育文化国际传播在不同的历史阶段表现出不同的特征;体育文化传播力与国家综合实力呈正相关;成功的体育文化国际传播都是主动调适自己以适应外部环境的结果。强有力的推动者能够促进体育文化国际传播;体育文化国际传播有必要充分利用国际舞台的影响力;不断的创新是体育文化国际传播成功的关键因素。2)17世纪英国体育文化国际传播整体上处于自然传播的状态;18世纪由于世界格局的变迁,主动的、积极的文化传播策略成为时代特点;19世纪最后30年,美国借助于经济和宗教的力量将体育文化传播到世界的各个角落;20世纪中叶以后世界体育文化国际传播开始朝着"文化"的思路转移。3)从少林功夫和太极拳文化国际传播的案例中可以看出,中国体育文化国际传播正经历从无序向有序的转变过程,不同的项目类别表现出各具特色的传播模式。4)建立在中国、世界和体育3个维度的坚实基础上,有必要提出体育文化多元共享理念。

The methodology applied in this paper includes historiography, anthropology and sociology, this paper analyzed the rules and era characteristics of the international communication of sports culture, and then put forwarded a new ideas of pluralized sharing. The research indicates that 1 ） Sports culture international transmission displays different characteristics in different historical period;a positive correlation is found between the efforts shared on sports cultural transmission and national comprehensive strength; the successful sports culture transmission is the product of initiative adjustment to exterior context. A powerful propeller will be helpful to promote sports culture international communication; sports culture international transmission should take full advantages of the influence of international platform; continuous innovation serves as critical element in the successful sports culture international communication; 2） In 17th century, British witnessed the natural spread of sports culture international transmission; in 18th century, initiative and positive cultural transmission strategies dominate the characteristic of social landscape due to the transformation of global situation; in the last 30 years of 19th century, with the help of its economy and religion,America spreads its sports culture to every corner of the world;after the middle of 20th century, the world has witnessed the transition of sports culture international transmission in the domain of culture; 3） The example of international transmission of Shaolin Kung Fu and Tai Chi shows that the international transmission of Chinese sports culture is undergoing a period from disorderly to orderly development with distinctive transmission modes being applied to different sports events;4） It is necessary to put forth the concept of pluralized sharing of sports culture based on the dimension of China, world and sports.