实证主义经济学研究的价值及其方法论局限

The Value of Positivism in Economics Research and Its Methodological Limit

伴随着经济学方法论的日趋多元化,现代经济学研究仍然是普遍采用了具有实证主义倾向的假设-演绎模式,同时强调逻辑演绎和计量检验的理论验证和理论发现功能。如果将这种研究模式所必须提出的经济假设划分为三类,那么可以更加清晰地认识其价值,但也更充分地显示出它的方法论局限。首先,通过逻辑演绎,逐步放宽限制性假设,虽然可以将理论假设还原为潜在经济现象,但众多的还原对象很难实现与客观事实的完全对接,所以逻辑演绎的理论验证功能很难完全实现。其次,逻辑演绎可以发现错误,但却不能发现真理,其理论发现功能也只能在有限的范围内成立。最后,在三类假设划分的框架下,将数据导向和理论导向的建模思想相结合,所构建的计量模型并不能实现对理论假设的完全证实或者证伪,计量检验的功能同样面临着多方面的挑战。

With diversified methodology developing,modern economics research generally makes use of hypothesis - deduction model that has obviously positivism inclination. The model employs logical deduction and meteorology inspection to validate and discover theory. Nevertheless there are three types hypothesis in economics research that have different functions, they also make it clear that positivism research has methodology limitation. Firstly,through logic deduction, restrictive - hypothesis can be relaxed step by step,and theoretical- hypothesis can be restored back to so many potential economic phenomena that it hardly conforms to any fact finally. Secondly,it can find error and not truth by logic deduction, and so it has little theory - discover function. Thirdly, empirical test isn＇ t completely verification or falsification, and its theory - discover function can also be reduced by the hypothesis.