光在有机太阳能电池中的约束与捕获

Confinement and Trapping of Light in Organic Solar Cells

有机太阳能电池吸光活性层的电学传输特性和光学吸收特性不匹配,是制约其能量转换效率提升的主要原因之一。采用陷光结构操纵入射光波,提升电池对光的约束和捕获能力以达到"电学薄"和"光学厚"的等效作用,是解决有机太阳能电池光电矛盾的有效手段。从光学和电学的双重视角考察了单结有机太阳能电池的运行机理,详细讨论了等离子体、光子晶体等各类结构的陷光原理与特点,展望了有机太阳能电池陷光结构的发展趋势,有助于拓展其设计思路和理解下一代太阳能电池的先进光学管理理念。

The mismatch between electrical transmission properties and light absorption properties is one of the main reasons that limit the power conversion efficiency of organic solar cells. This contradiction could be efficiently resolved by light trapping structures which manipulate incident light and enhance light absorption. These structures essentially extend the photoactive layer thickness, therefore achieve light absorption equivalent to that of a much thicker layer, and nevertheless retain good charge transport properties of a thin layer. The characteristics and principles of these architectures such as plasmonics and photonic crystal are discussed in detail. The prospect of light trapping architectures is also presented. It may be helpful to expand the design ideas of organic solar cells and understand the advanced light management of the next-generation solar cells.