跨文化视域中的言意之辨——古代语言与知识的关系范式新探

The Debate on the Differentiation of Knowledge and Language in Cross-Cultural Vision——New Approach to the Ancient Model of the Relationship between Language and Knowledge in a Cross-Cultural Vision

在古代言意范式中,物自身或者超越性的终极存在被视为知识的来源,人通过对这个来源的直观和内在的理性反思而获得知识,语言则是人造的表意工具,三者在其中只能单向度地遵从物—意—言的顺序转化。在这个认识框架中,古代的言意之辨在理论上必然得出"言不尽意"的结论。跨文化的视角提供了超越古典范式"目的—工具"的新的理解维度。语言不仅具有工具性意义,某种具体的群体语言更是该文化中个体存在的一部分,反过来规定了该群体整体知识的发展。在现代默会知识论、解释学和语言哲学视野中,语言、文化与知识都具有互为主客体的可能。民族文化与民族语言相互促进的辩证过程提供了克服"言不尽意"的可能。

＂The debate on the differentiation of Knowledge and Language＂ originated in ancient Chinese context, but it can also be deemed as a universal problem of the relationship between knowledge and language which plays an important role on the significant turns of Chinese and Western philosophy. The ancient framework to analyze the transition of language and knowledge is the model of ＂Being-Knowledge-Language＂. Based on this model, each stage loses information, which causes the insufficiency of language to express what is known. Furthermore, in this framework, the ontological separation of the three stages essentially underlies the non-equivalence of language and knowledge. The cross-cultural vision provides a new dimension to look beyond this classical ＂End- Tool＂ paradigm. In this vision, language, specifically a national language, is not only a tool but also is part of one＇s intrinsic being and a living structure that confines the development of knowledge. Modern philosophy provides the possibility of the exchange of language and knowledge as subject and object. Therefore, the mutually promotion of national culture and language is actually a dialectic course to overcome ancient paradox.