西方环境伦理学研究的理论基础和当代转向

On the Theoretical Foundations and Contemporary Turn of Researches in Western Environmental Ethics

规范伦理学的三大主要流派美德伦理学、义务论伦理学和功利主义伦理学都试图为当代环境问题的伦理研究提供理论基础,并在其中焕发出新的生机。但深入研究这些理论应用,我们会发现其中蕴含着相同的思想逻辑:无论以何种方式强调环境保护的重要性,传统规范伦理中内涵的人类中心主义始终存在。解决这个问题的关键是从主客体对立的思维方式转变为"消除主客体对立"的思维方式。西方环境伦理学研究在应对这一问题时发生了从价值论到实践论再到形而上学的转向。

The throe perspectives in normative ethics which are virtue ethics, deontological ethics and utilitarian ethics, tried to supply the research on environmental problems with a theoretical foundation and achieved a new life in the past decades. However, when we scrutinize the application of these normative theories on environmental problems, we find that they share the same frame, that is, there lies in a fixed mode of anthropocentrism, no matter what kind of method they appeal to. In this sense, the key to this phenomenon is to change the way of holding the opposition between subjects and objects into that of erasing the opposition. In order to solve this problem, the past twenty years sees the change from axiology to praxiology and to metaphysics in western environmental ethics.