沙尘污染对暴露人群呼吸系统健康的影响

Effects of Dust Pollution on Respiratory System of Longterm Exposed Population

为了探讨沙尘污染对暴露人群呼吸系统健康的影响,本文选择沙尘天气多发的甘肃省民勤县两乡镇和基本不受沙尘污染的平凉市崆峒区两乡镇为调查点,采用流行病学现况调查法,对在调查点长期居住、无职业性粉尘接触史的40岁以上728名农民进行呼吸系统健康状况调查。结果显示,民勤县农民鼻炎及慢性支气管炎的患病率分别是平凉市的2.8倍及2.3倍(p<0.01),其他调查疾病患病率均无明显地区差异(p>0.05);民勤县不吸烟农民鼻炎及慢性支气管炎的患病率分别是平凉市的2.6倍及2.3倍(p<0.01);民勤县男性农民鼻炎患病率是平凉市的3.7倍(p<0.01),女性鼻炎及慢性支气管炎的患病率分别是平凉市的2.5倍及2.2倍(p<0.01);民勤县各年龄段农民鼻炎、慢性支气管炎的患病率均高于平凉市,其中,40～50岁农民2种疾病的患病率分别是平凉市的2.9倍及2.8倍(p<0.05,p<0.01);鼻炎、慢性支气管炎平均发病年龄无明显地区差异(p>0.05),但民勤县慢性支气管炎平均发病年龄(43.5±13.0岁)较平凉市(44.9±16.0岁)年轻。这说明沙尘污染对暴露人群呼吸系统健康存在明显影响,可导致暴露人群鼻炎及慢性支气管炎患病率升高,主要影响40～50岁人群,无性别差异。另外,沙尘污染可能导致暴露人群慢性支气管炎发病趋向年轻化。

Dust pollution is one primary problem of regional environmental pollution, which has a strong impact on human health. In order to comprehend the effects of dust pollution on respiratory system of population in long-term exposure, Minqin County of Gansu Province was selected as an investigation point, where was one of the most frequent areas of dust storms and floating dust. Meanwhile, PingLiang City in Gansu Province was selected as a control point, where there was rarely dust event. An investigation among 728 farmers aged 40 years old or older was conducted by questionnaires, who lived for a long time at the investigation points and had no documented occupational history to dust exposure. The prevalence of rhinitis and chronic bronchitis of respondents in Minqin County were 2.8 and 2.3 times of those in PingLiang City respectively （p〈0.01）, and there were no significant statistical differences in the prevalence of other diseases between the two regions （p〉0.05）. The prevalences of rhinitis and chronic bronchitis of non-smoking farmers in Minqin County were 2.6 and 2.3 times of those in PingLiang City respectively （p〈0.05）. The prevalence of rhinitis in male respondents in Minqin County were 3.7 times of those in PingLiang City respectively （p〈0.01）, while the prevalence of rhinitis and chronic bronchitis of female farmers in Minqin County were 2.5 and 2.2 times of those in PingLiang City respectively （p〈0.01）. The prevalence of rhinitis and chronic bronchitis of farmers among all age groups in Minqin County were higher than those in PingLiang City. The prevalence of rhinitis and chronic bronchitis of respondents aged 40--50 years old in Minqin County were 2.9 and 2.8 times of those in PingLiang City respectively （p〈0. 05, p〈0.01 respectively）. There were no significant regional differences in the averaged age of onset in rhinitis and chronic bronchitis of respondents for averaged ages of respondents （p〉0.05）, however, the averaged age of onset in chronic bronchitis of respondents in Minqin County was younger than that in PingLiang City. It suggested that long-term dust pollution had great impact on respiratory health of exposed populations aged 40-- 50 years old. There was no gender difference for the impact. In addition, the results also showed that the averaged age of onset in chronic bronchitis changed more youthful with time in Minqin County.