影响击剑运动员向前弓步速度生物力学因素的灰色关联分析

Gray Correlation Analysis on Biomechanical FactorsAssociated With Forward Fencing Lunge Velocity

目的:考察击剑运动员后腿膝、踝关节在向前弓步刺中的关节力矩、角度和角速度生物力学参数表现,寻找影响弓步速度的主要因素。方法:通过对12名击剑运动员后腿在测力台上进行原地向前弓步刺动作的三维捕捉,运用VISUAL3D分析软件计算运动员动作过程中重心最大水平速度,后腿膝、踝关节峰值力矩及最大关节角速度,动作启动时的后腿膝、踝关节角度,并对影响重心最大水平速度的各因素进行关联度分析。结果:各个因素对运动员向前弓步刺重心最大水平速度的影响程度大小依次是:踝峰值力矩>膝角>膝峰值力矩>踝角>踝角速度>膝角速度。结论:在后腿的训练中优先发展肌肉力量对于提高击剑运动员弓步速度具有重要意义,在平时训练时要加强击剑运动员后腿股四头肌群力量、趾屈肌向心收缩力量、踝关节肌肉快速力量训练以及在实战中基本姿势的训练。

Objective The purpose of this study was to assess biomechanical parameters on peak torque ,joint angles, joint angular velocity of knee and ankle when performing forward lunge and find out the important impact factor on lunge performance. Methods Fencing lunge of 12 fencers were recorded by 3D when performing forward lunge from their rear legs on-guard position on a force platform. In the process of the entire fencing lunge, maximal Horizontal speed of body gravity, peak torque of rear leg, s knees and ankle, maximal joint angular velocity for rear leg, s knee and ankle with joint angles of rear leg, s knee and ankle when action happened were then calculated by VISUAL3D analysis software. Factors influencing maximal Horizontal speed of body gravity were analyzed using gray correlation methods. Result Influence factors contribute to maximal Horizontal speed of body gravity from high to low presents as： ankle joint peak torque〉knee joint angle〉knee joint peak torque, 〉ankle joint angle 〉ankle joint velocity〉knee joint velocity. Conclusion The results indicate that it should give priorities to develop fencers＇ muscle strength to improve the velocity of fencing lunge in rear leg＇s practice. Therefore, quadriceps strength, plantar flexor concentric contraction strength, ankle explosive stretch and basic fencing posture should be strengthened in training practice.