西藏登山运动员ABO血型分布特征与心、肺功能之间的关系

Tibet Mountaineering Athletes ABO Blood Type Distribution Characteristics and the Relationship between the Cardiac Function and Pulmonary Function

目的:血型的遗传因素总是能够客观地体现出某种血型在某一项素质或专项上具有得天独厚的先天遗传优势。对我国西藏登山运动员进行了ABO血型及心、肺等功能的检测,将其与报道的西藏一般群体的血型分布特征做了比较,并分析了它与一些低氧运动能力相关的较为明显的表型特征(心功能、肺功能、红细胞、血红蛋白、血氧饱和度等)之间的关系,以探讨人类血型与低氧运动能力之间的关联,不仅有助于阐明它们之间的关系,而且也能为科学选材和定向发展提供参考依据。方法:依据文献和研究内容,自行设计问卷调查表,内容包括姓名、性别、年龄、民族、籍贯等;ABO血型系统的分型;台式血压仪检测血压;Nellcor NPB-40(USA)检测血氧饱和度;SYSMEX pocH-100i型全自动三分类血液分析仪(Japan)检测红细胞数、血红蛋白和红细胞压积;SPIDA5(Micro Medical Limited,Kent,ME12AZ,UK)检测肺功能;ACUSON CA94043型超声诊断仪(USA)检测心功能;采集的数据用SPSS18统计软件进行分析处理。结果:本次调查共115人,其中男性111人、女性4人,民族99%为藏族;籍贯为西藏日喀则的占84.35%、其他占15.65%;ABO血型的比例是A型占17.39%、B型37.39%、AB型30.44%、O型14.78%;登山运动员血型的总体分布特征B>AB>A>O,与报道的西藏大部分地区的普通人群O>B>A>AB不符;运动员中B型最多的特征与日喀则藏族普通人群的分布特征一致,但AB型在西藏登山运动员血型当中占的比例与西藏所有地区的普通人群比较存在显著性差异。由单因素方差分析分析了115名运动员血型与心肺功能及红细胞系统一些关键指标之间的关系,发现其中4种指标(主动脉内径AO、左心室小轴缩短率FS%、射血分数EF、每博量SV)在不同血型中存在显著差异,相比其他血型,在AB血型群体中表型值较高。其他检测指标在各血型之间进行比较,差异无统计学意义。结论:从整体上可以看出,登山运动员没有集中于某一种血型的显著倾向,但西藏登山运动员血型的总体分布B>AB>A>O与以往报道西藏藏族一般群体的ABO血型表型分布特征O>A>B>AB不符,这种特征提示可能与这种运动专项相关。而且显示AB型在西藏登山运动员当中占的比例比西藏其他地区人群更高,统计具有显著性差异。另外,评价心功能的一些重要指标(射血分数、每博量等)也显示AB型优于其他各型。由此,在登山运动员选材时,AB血型的人可能具有其相对优势,需进一步通过结合他的一些表型特征从基因的水平进行分析,以阐明遗传素质与低氧运动能力的关系。

Objective：To explore the distribution of ABO blood Type and analyses it with some obvious low oxygen athletic ability related phenotypic characteristics （cardiac function, pulmonary function, red blood cells, hemoglobin, oxygen saturation） in Tibet mountaineering athletes, provide some theoretical reliability reference for the Tibetan mountaineering athletes and how to select mountaineering athletes scientifically. Methods ：To design a questionnaire, including：general information （name, gender, age, nationality, origin, etc. ） And classification of ABO blood type;desktop blood pressure instrument for detecting blood pressure; Nellcor NPB -40 （USA） detects oxygen saturation; SYSMEXpoch-100i detects RBC, HB and HCT. SPI- DA5 （Micro Medical Limited, Kent, ME1 2AZ, UK） detect lung function; ACUSON the CA94043-type ultrasonic diagnostic apparatus （USA） detection of cardiac function; statistical software SPSS18 to analyze the data. Results.. The experimental group survey 115, male 111, female 4,99% were Tibetan; native from Shigatse of Tibet for 84.35%, other accounted for 15.65% ;ABO blood type-A ratio is 17.39%,B 37.39% %,AB-type 30.44%,O-type accounts for 14. 78 %. The overall distribution characteristics of the mountaineering athletes blood type does not match with the general population reported in most parts of Tibet; Athletes in the B-type is the most, this characteristics were consistent with distribution of the general population of Shigatse of Tibet ; Proportion of type AB blood type which in mountaineering athletes compared with the general population in all regions of Tibet there is a significant difference. By ANOVA （one-way ANOVA） found four phenotypes indicators in the evaluation of cardiac function （aortic diameter AO, Ejection fraction EF, small axial shortening of left ventricular ejection fraction FS%, Stroke volume SV） AB type is better than the other type. Other detection index in different blood group had no significant differences. Conclusion：Over- all, we can see a mountaineering athlete does not focus on certain significant tendency of any blood type, but mountaineering athletes AB blood type Comparison with the general population there was significant difference, In addition, some important indicators in the evaluation of cardiac function （ejection fraction, stroke volume） AB type is better than the other type. Thus considered, AB blood type people in mountain sports may have a relative advantage, prompted us to further analyze the gene level through a combination of some of his phenotypic characteristics, in order to clarify the relationship between the genetic and hypoxia athletic ability.