NOD1和NOD2介导的信号通路及其抗病毒免疫应答研究进展

Research progress on the signal pathway and antiviral immune response mediated by NOD1 and NOD2.

NOD1和NOD2蛋白为胞浆内模式识别受体，其识别进入胞内的细菌胞壁及其降解产物，介导NF—KB和MAPKs信号途径，产生相关效应分子，介导了抗病原微生物免疫应答。近年来的最新研究发现，NOD1受体还通过ISGF3信号途径诱导产生1型干扰素，NOD2受体能识别ssRNA和病毒基因组ssRNA，通过MAVs信号途径激活IRF3，诱导产生1型干扰素，1型干扰素又可正向调控NOD1和NOD2功能性表达。NOD1和NOD2通过介导新的信号途径诱导产生大量的1型干扰素，并参与抗病毒固有免疫应答。因而，对NOD1和NOD2介导的抗病毒免疫应答新认识，将为防治病毒感染性疾病的研究提供新策略。

NOD1 and NOD2 are two intracellular pattern recognition receptors. They sense the major component of bacterial cell walls and their degradated products, then mediate NF-KB and MAPKs signaling pathways to produce the effector molecules involved in the antipathogenic immune response. Furthermore, it has been found in the recent years that NOD1 induces the production of type I interferon through ISGF3 signaling pathways and that NOD2 could reeognise virus RNA and activate the MAVs-IRF3 signaling pathways to produce type I interferon. Type I interferon could also positively regulate NOD1 and NOD2 functional expression. There- fore, NOD1 and NOD2 induce to large amounts of interferon to mediate innate immune antiviral responses by the aforementioned signaling pathways. Collectively, further understanding the antiviral immune responses me- diated by NOD1 and NOD2 may provide new opportunities and strategies for the prevention and treatment of vi- ral infections.