简论先秦私学产生的原因

On the General cause of private schools in Pre-Qin Society

私学 ,作为先秦社会教育和人才培养的主要承担者 ,它的产生有着深刻的社会历史根源。在春秋战国的纷争动荡中 ,贵族政治解体 ,促使学术下移民间和士阶层兴起 ,为私学的产生创造了社会、文化基础。其时的尚贤之风和对贤能之士的需求 ,使私学的产生成为大势所趋。而社会生产力的发展则是先秦私学产生的根本动因 ,它不仅促进了体脑分工和读书阶层的出现 ,而且发展丰富了社会思想 。

Private school was the main organization of social education and talent-fostering in pre-Qin society,whose emergence had its own profound social and historical roots.In the chaos and unheaval of the Spring and Autumm period,and the warring states period,the disintegration of aristocratic politics brought about the shift of leaning down to the folk and the rise of literati class,which laid social and cultural foundations for the appearance of private school.Furthermore,advocating knowledge and ability,and demand for Wise persons mad private school the trend of the times.However,it is worth noting that the development of social productive force was the root cause of the formalion of the private school.It not only accelerated the division of manual and mental labour and the arise of the intellectual class,but enriched the social ideology,thus provided teaching staff and laid an ideological foundation for private school.